In this module, we will be looking at the emergence of "civilizations" in various locations around the world, foremost in India, China, and ancient Mesopotamia. "Civilization" means more than simply the massing of people at a particular point. Creating a civilization means creating a political and legal order, developing a culture (foremost a religious foundation), and organizing an economy that involved differentiation of labor. This is a slow, gradual process, often interrupted by non-civilized groups on the periphery -- or simply curtailed by human and natural disasters like flood, famine, drought, plague, war, and so on.
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