BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I- Full Course Discussions: Topic 1- Topic 7
TOPIC 1
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 1: Anatomy, Physiology, Homeostasis, and the Chemistry of Life
The human body is remarkably designed in such a way that it keeps itself in balance, a concept known as homeostasis. Certain chemicals and larger molecules are the building blocks of life. By having a basic understanding of these chemicals, students will be able to appreciate how changes at the chemical level can upset homeostasis in the entire body.
Objectives:
- Describe the six levels of structural organization of the human body and how they interact.
- Describe the concept of homeostasis, and differentiate between positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
- Describe the structural and physical properties of water in an aqueous solution.
- Describe the concepts of concentration and osmolarity.
- Review enzymes and activation energy.
- Identify the differences between inorganic and organic compounds.
- Explain pH and its importance in physiology.
- Describe the structure and function macromolecules and classify various types.
- Outline the steps of cellular respiration.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Summary of Current Course Content Knowledge
Assessment Description:
Academic engagement through active participation in instructional activities related to the course objectives is paramount to your success in this course and future courses. Through interaction with your instructor and classmates, you will explore the course material and be provided with the best opportunity for objective and competency mastery. To begin this class, review the course objectives for each Topic, and then answer the following questions as this will help guide your instructor for course instruction.
- Which weekly objectives do you have prior knowledge of and to what extent?
- Which weekly objectives do you have no prior knowledge of?
- What course-related topics would you like to discuss with your instructor and classmates? What questions or concerns do you have about this course?
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BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Class Introductions
Assessment Description:
Take a moment to explore your new classroom and introduce yourself to your fellow classmates. What are you excited about learning? What do you think will be most challenging?
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BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 1 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Give an example of a disease or injury and explain how it is an example of the body being outside of homeostasis.
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TOPIC 2
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 2: Cell Physiology & Tissues
The mitochondria in cells are responsible for producing ATP, which is a critical molecule that provides the necessary energy for most cellular processes. By understanding the biochemistry underlying the production of ATP, students will be able to appreciate cellular metabolic processes. Additionally, by recognizing the normal structures and functions of tissues, students will be able to understand how abnormal changes in tissues can lead to diseases.
Objectives:
- Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane and its selective permeability.
- Contrast characteristics of extracellular and intracellular fluid.
- Explain different types of cellular transport.
- Explain osmosis and the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions on cells.
- Describe the factors contributing to resting membrane potential.
- Describe the steps of an action potential.
- Identify the general characteristics and functions of the four major tissue types.
- Compare and contrast exocrine and endocrine glands.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 2 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Lysosomes and mitochondria have important functions in the cell. Research and pick a lysosomal storage disease or a mitochondrial disorder, and summarize what happens.
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TOPIC 3
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 3: The Integument, Skeleton, and Articulations
By learning the anatomy and the associated physiology of the skin (integument), the student will be able to explain how the human body cools itself, produces vitamin D (a crucial regulator of blood calcium levels), and protects itself from infection. Learning about the cellular architecture and arrangement of osseous tissue will enable students to understand bone growth, development, repair, and homeostasis. By understanding the structure, function, and classification of joints, students will be able to understand how different joints contribute to mobility and stability of the body.
Objectives:
- Describe the functions of components of the integumentary system.
- Describe repair of the integument.
- Identify the functions of the skeletal system.
- Describe the features of a long bone.
- Compare and contrast compact and spongy bone.
- Identify the roles of different cellular components in bone growth and ossification.
- Describe the process of bone growth, development, and repair.
- Describe the impact of aging, exercise, and lifestyle on bone remodeling.
- Identify tooth structure, types of teeth, and dental succession.
- Explain the different structural and functional classifications of articulations.
- Describe how muscles and articulations work together as lever systems.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 3 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Osteoporosis and scoliosis are conditions that commonly affect the axial skeleton, specifically the spine. Discuss how these change the curvatures of the spine, and find 1 to 2 ways these can be treated or improved.
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TOPIC 4
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 4: Skeletal and Smooth Muscle
A thorough understanding of the microscopic and macroscopic structures and function of muscle is a critical foundation for students pursuing careers in the medical field. After learning the steps of excitation-contraction coupling, students will be able to understand how the nervous system activates muscle tissue, which is important to the function of many of the body's systems.
Objectives:
- Identify the functions of skeletal muscle.
- Describe the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular components of skeletal muscle.
- Describe the sequence of events involved in skeletal muscle contraction, including sliding filament theory.
- Describe the length-tension relationship.
- Describe motor units and motor unit recruitment and contraction types of skeletal muscle.
- Describe the energetics of skeletal muscle contraction.
- Compare and contrast the differences between skeletal muscle fiber types.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 4 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Studying can be a collaborative effort. In this discussion question, you will create a practice question for the midterm for the rest of the class to study from. You must follow the requirements listed below to receive full credit: • Initial post must contain the question. • The question should be at least 2-3 sentences long. • It must be about material that will be covered on the midterm. • It can be a multiple-choice, fill in the blank, or short answer style question. • It cannot be a repeat question that someone else has already posted; you must post an original question on material that had not been asked about already. • You must respond to your question with the answer.
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TOPIC 5
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 5: Neuronal Communication and the Brain
Understanding nerve structure and function allows students to begin making connections between major brain regions and the associated areas of the body that they control, enabling them to understand the underlying mechanisms of diseases and their impact on organ systems. Understanding nerve function allows students to identify disruptions in normal neuronal communication and disease mechanisms. The brain has been extensively studied but still remains one of the least understood regions of the human body.
Objectives:
- Describe the characteristics and function of neurons and neuroglia.
- Explain the role of myelin in saltatory conduction.
- Describe the process of and factors involved in synaptic communication.
- Describe spinal reflexes.
- Describe the functions of the cranial meninges.
- Describe the production and flow of cerebral spinal fluid.
- Describe the structure and function of the blood brain barrier.
- Describe the functions of the major components of the brain and spinal cord.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 5 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Choose an illicit drug and explain the pharmacology of its action at a synapse.
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TOPIC 6
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 6: Cranial Nerves & Sensory Processing
Students will learn the normal functions of the twelve cranial nerves, and be able to explain why health care providers perform neurological exams. Students will also learn about the basics of sensory processing to understand how specialized sensory receptors interpret the world around us.
Objectives:
- Describe the functions of the 12 cranial nerves, including the type of information carried by each cranial nerve.
- Describe the processing of somatic sensory information by the somatosensory cortex.
- Define sensory adaptation and the different types of sensory receptors.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 6 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Give an example of an autonomic disorder. Explain which division of the autonomic nervous system is affected, how it is affected, and briefly describe the signs and symptoms.
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TOPIC 7
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 7: Autonomic Nervous System & Special Senses
The autonomic nervous system allows the human body to regulate things like heart rate, airway diameter, and digestive functions. This is perhaps the most important topic that students will need to master as it provides a critical foundation for their future courses. The special senses refer to the anatomy and physiology underlying sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Students will learn the basic physiologies of each of these senses.
Objectives:
- Describe the functional divisions and structural organization of the autonomic nervous system.
- Identify neurotransmitters, receptors, and selected pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system.
- Identify the organs innervated by the autonomic nervous system.
- Describe the physiology of vision and the steps in phototransduction.
- Describe the physiology of equilibrium and the steps in the hearing process.
Assessments
BIO-201: Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Topic 7 DQ 1
Assessment Description:
Give an example of a refraction disorder of the eye. Explain what is causing the disorder and how it can be corrected.
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